What analysis of coal tells the percentage by weight of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash?

The analysis that determines the percentage by weight of moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash in coal is known as proximate analysis. This analysis is essential for characterizing coal as it provides crucial information on its composition and quality.

Proximate analysis involves measuring specific constituents of coal, which directly influence its combustion properties and efficiency. For instance, understanding the moisture content helps in assessing how much energy can be derived from the coal during combustion. The volatile matter gives insights into the gaseous products released when the coal is heated, while fixed carbon is indicative of the actual carbon content that contributes to the heating value of the coal. Ash content reflects the non-combustible residue left after coal combustion, which can affect the burner operation and emissions.

In contrast, ultimate analysis focuses on the elemental composition of coal, determining the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Chemical analysis generally encompasses a broader range of tests to ascertain various chemical constituents within coal, while material analysis might look into physical properties without directly breaking down the chemical constituents relevant for combustion processes. Thus, proximate analysis specifically provides the relevant data needed for evaluating the performance and usability of coal in practical applications.